What is/ are ________?
What does _________ look like?
What are different parts of ______?
What can ________ be compared to?
How does _______ work?
What are some examples of ________?
Skim to find the words and phrases which describe the properties of water in the reading text.
Scan to Find out some basic facts about life in the oceans.
Life on earth began in the oceans about three billion years ago;
99% of the living space on earth is in the oceans;
There are about five million (known) species in the oceans;
Life in the oceans ranges from tiny plankton to giant whales.
T: Yesterday you were required to ask more questions about water’s properties and find out the detailed information about water properties as well. So now let’s have a little quiz about the properties of water.
True of false questions:
1) Water is a liquid at room temperature, and it has a relatively high freezing point.
2) The reason why water can dissolve most substances on earth is that water has high heat capacity.
3) Like all the other substances, water gets smaller (contract) when it freezes.
4) Pure water has a higher freezing point and lighter than salt water.
5) The salinity of the earth’s oceans is about 3.5%.
6) When water freezes, its density increases.
7) Other recourses such as oil, gas, gold etc is as precious as a drop of rain.
(TFFTT FF)
Step4. While-reading
As we all know, Charles Darwin is famous for his “The Origin of Species”. (According to his theory of evolution)
Qs: 1) Was there any life on the earth billions of years ago?
2) If any, what was the original life like at that time?
3) Where did it live? -In the deep blue seas.
4) How does the world take its shape, which is quite different from what it used to be, especially those various organisms? -Billions of years’ natural selection.
2.It is said that 99% of the living space on earth is in the oceans.
Qs: 1) What does this fact result in? -Marine life is incredibly rich and varied.
2) Can you give some specific numbers or examples?
-There are about five million species in the oceans. They range from the tiniest plants all the way up to giants (e.g. sharks and whales).
3) What does this fact imply? Do you agree?
-Water is an excellent medium for life.
4) Why do you agree that water is an excellent medium for life? (Based on common knowledge)
Ø Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point;
Ø All living creatures need food to survive, but on many occasions the nutrients become available to living things only when they are dissolved by water.
3.So we know that one of water’s properties is its dissolvability(溶解性).
Qs: 1) Do you know what gives water such a unique property?
-The chemical structure of water.
2) What does the water molecule look like?
-A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom to form a ’V’ shape. The two hydrogen atoms form a polar molecule, that is, one with a slightly positive end and one with a slightly negative end.
3) Can you give some other examples which are also resulted from water’s unique chemical structure?
-Plants can pull water up their roots via a capillary(毛细管) process;
-We can get a lot of nutrients by drinking soup.
That’s water’s another property-dissolvability.
4. Since water is such a universal solvent, it can dissolve just about anything including many gases and solids. As a result, there is sea water.
Qs: 1) Do you know the salinity of the earth’s oceans? -about 3.5%.
2) What does it mean?
3) Have you ever noticed such a phenomenon that in winter water in some containers or small rivers often freezes while that in seas not? Can you explain it?
-The salinity of sea water can affect the freezing point of water. Sea water has a lower a freezing point, so even when the temperature of sea water falls below 0℃, sea water is still liquid.
5. However, no matter whether it is sea water or pure water, “wood floats on water while iron sinks” always works. How do you explain that? What property of water is this?
-If a substance has a lower density than water does, it will float on water; Otherwise, it will sink.
Qs: 1) What is density? And what’s the density of pure water?
-Density is the relationship between mass and volume and is measured in kilos per cubic meter (kg/m3). The density of water is 1,000kg/m3.
2) Does it also go for the phenomenon that Ice looks larger than water of equal mass?
-Yes. Water’s density decreases when it turns to ice, so its volume increases.
3) Does all the water in the same river or ocean have equal density? Tell your reasons.
—No. Changes in salinity and temperature affect water’s density. Cold water of high salinity usually is most dense and will tend to sink to the bottom of the ocean.
6. Qs: 1) What do different densities in the ocean result in?
-Dense water sinks and less dense water is pushed to the surface. Thus water in the ocean is always moving.
2) What phenomena can this result help us explain? Please give examples. (If necessary, give students some hints such as showing a picture etc.)
Ocean motion helps move nutrients around and adds energy to the marine ecosystems.
Different marine creatures live in different levels of the ocean. (Because of the foods they need, sunshine etc.)
7. Read following statement and think what conclusion you can draw? Or what property does it refer to?
It is said that a man of 60kg loses about 1L water through breath and skin evaporation (皮肤蒸发) every day. In other words, 539kcal heat is released in these two ways. If so much heat were kept in human body, it would raise body temperature by 9℃. Can you imagine the result?
-Water has a relatively high heat capacity and can accommodate the climate automatically. It can absorb and release a lot of heat without big changes in its temperature, thus creating a stable environment.
8. Here are some more familiar phenomena.
What property of water is each of them related to?
Ø The coastal areas are often neither too hot nor too cold. (Water’s high heat capacity)
Ø Ice floats on water. (Density)
Ø When the sea water in a container is evaporated (蒸发), there will be some salt left. (Dissolvability)
Ø Irrigate in winter can help raise the soil temperature. (Water’s high heat capacity)
Ø People swimming in the Dead Sea float; they can even read a paper while lying on their back in the water. (salinity and density)
Step5 Language points
1.provide…for
e.g. The company will provide food and drink for them.
2. have an opportunity to do something
e.g. I had no opportunity to discuss the problem with her yesterday.
3.a variety of
e.g. He left for a variety of reasons.
There are a variety of patterns for you to choose from.
4. contribute to
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