(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下:
现在时间推移到过去的时间,即一般现在时变为一般过去时;
“I feel better today.” He said.
“我今天感觉好多了。”他说。
→He said that he felt better that day.
他说他那天感觉好多了。
现在进行时变为过去进行时;
“Xiao Ming is doing some washing” Mum said.
“小明正在洗衣服。”妈妈说。
→Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing.
妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。
练习
I. Put the following into reported speech.
1. “In most countries red stands for danger.” Said Mr. Jackson.
2. “You must leave a message for your mother.” Said Tom.
3. “Are you being attended to, sir?” He asked.
4. “Shall I carry your bag for you?” Mary asked.
5. “Do you know her name?” My friend Jack asked me.
6. “Where is the nearest hospital?” John asked.
7. “Don’t look out of the window when you have classes.” Our teacher told us.
8. “Make good use of your time.” Mr. Li advised.
9. He asked Li Ying “Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?”
10. He asked me, “When did you see the film?”
II. Please change the following sentences from indirect speech into direct speech.
11. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.
Betty asked me,“___ ___ at home ___?”
12. She said that she had been back for a week.
She said,“___ ___ ___ for a week.”
13. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.
Mr. Smith said,“John ___ ___ all about it three weeks ___.”
14. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.
The teacher asked his student,“Why __ __ __ so many mistakes in the test __ time?”
15. The teacher asked us whether we were ready.
The teacher asked us,“___ ___ ___?”
16. The teacher told her not to be late any more.
The teacher ___ ___ her,“___ ___ late any more!”
17. My doctor told me not to read in bed.
My doctor ___ ___ me,“___ ___ in bed.”
18. Liu Ying told me that she would help me with my English.
Liu Ying said to me,“___ ___ help ___ with ___ English.”
19. Do you know what factory his father works in?
What factory ___ his father ___ in? Do you know?
20. The monitor told us that we were going to have a meeting the next day.
The monitor said, “We ___ ___ to have a meeting ___.”
III. Reading
Man has always wanted to fly. Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem. One of these, for example, was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci. In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly. Among these designs there was actually one for a helicopter. There was also another one for a parachute (降落伞). But these things were all designs. They were never built.
Throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly. A typical example ws a man in England 800 years ago. He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers. Then he fixed them to his shoulders and jumped into the air from a tall building. He did not fly very far. Instead, he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body,
The first real steps took place in France, in 1783. Two brothers, the Montgolfiers, made a very large "hot air balloon". They knew that hot air rises. Why not fill a balloon with it? The balloon was made of cloth and paper. In September of that year, the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon. They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky. The passengers were a sheep, a chicken and a duck. We do not know how they felt about the trip. But we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely. Two months later, two men did the same thing. On 21 November, Pilatre de Rozier and the Marquis a Arlande rose above Paris in a similar balloon. Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they traveled about eight kilometers.
21. In the sixteenth century, __________ was built to help fly in the sky.
A. a helicopter
B. parachute
C. designs for machines
D. nothing
22. The man with a pair of wings from chicken feathers _________.
A. flew very far
B. flew a short distance
C. realized his dream
D. fell to the ground and died
23. The “hot air balloon”could fly because __________.
A. hot air rises
B. it is made of cloth and paper
C. there’s a balloon with it
D. it’s very large
24. On 21 November, Pilatre de Rozier and the Marquis a Arlande rose above Paris _______.
A. in the same balloon as a sheep,a chicken and a duck were once in
B. in a completely different balloon
C. in another “hot air balloon”
D. in a helicopter
25. The best title for this passage is “_____________”.
A. Two Brothers,The Montgolgiers
B. Hot Air Balloons And Wings Made From Chicken Feathers
C. Designs For Machines That Would Fly
D. Trip In Hot Air Balloon
Key
I.
1. Mr Jackson said that in most countries red stood for danger.
2. Tom said that I must leave a message for my mother.
3. He asked if/ whether I was being attended to.
4. Mary asked me whether / if I should carry her bag for her.
5. My friend Jack asked me if I knew her name.
6. John asked me where the nearest hospital was.
7. Our teacher told us not to look out of the window when we have classes.
8. Mr. Li advised us to make good use of our time.
9. He asked Li Ying if she was watching TV at that time yesterday.
10. He asked me when I saw the film. 此句涉及到某一具体时间,不必转换成过去完成时。
II.
11. Were you, yesterday
12. I’ve been back
13. told me, ago
14. did you make/ have you made
15. Are you ready?
16. said to, Don’t be
17. said to, Don’t read
18. I will, you , your
19. does, work
20. are going, tomorrow
III.
21-25 DDACB
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