新目标9年级上册第1单元同步讲解

新目标9年级上册第1单元同步讲解

Section A
Talk about how to study谈谈如何学习的问题。
how to study是由疑问词how+不定式”组成的结构，在这里作介词about的宾语，表示谈论所涉及的内容。这种由“疑问词how／when／who／wNch+不定式”组成的结构通常在句中可作宾语、主语或表语，具有名词的性质，属名词性短语。
如：
a 用作动词或介词的短语howtto run the machine．
我想看看如何操作这台机器。
Can you teach me how to play the piano?
  你能教我弹钢琴吗?   
They asked me about how to report the work．
他们问起了我如何来汇报这项工作。
Did he tell you when to start out?
他告诉你什么时候出发了吗?
I really don't know where to go and find him．
  我确实不知道该到哪儿去找他。
Do you know who to ask to solve the problem?
  你知道解决这个问题该请教谁吗?
  She couldn't decide which way to take at the crossing．
  芝那个十字路口她弄不清究竟该走哪条路。
b.用作一个句子的主语。如：
  How to tell her the accident is a problem to us all．
  =It's a problem to us all how to tell her the accident．
  如何告诉她那次事故对于我们大家是个问题。
  Where to have the meeting is not known yet.
 =It's not known yet where to have the meeting．
  在什么地方开会还不知道。
  Which to select is up to you．
  =It's up to youw hich to select．
  该选哪一个由你决定。
  How to get out of the trouble needs their help．
  如何摆脱困境需要他们的帮助。
  Where to put up the building makes great difference．
  在什么地方建造这座大楼区别很大。
[注]当这种“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，如果句子的谓语部分是由“连
  词be+表语”构成，则很多情况下，习惯上可用形式主语n代替这个结
  于句首，而把真正主语“疑问词+不定式”置于句尾，以使句子平稳，避
  重脚轻。
c．用作句子的表语。如：
Her problem is how to gather the money in two days．

她的问题是女口何在两天内筹集到这笔钱。
What they need is how to improve their study.
他们所需要的是如何提高他们的学习质量。
My question is whom to turn to for help．
我的问题是该向谁求助。
The first thing for us to do is which to drop．
我们要做的第一件事是该抛弃哪一个。

d．许多时候我们可以把这种“疑问词+不定式”结构改成一个从句，而不改变其含义。如：
Would you please go and ask him when to leave for Tokyo?
=Would you please go and ask him when we shall leave for Tokoy?
请你去问问他我们何时去东京，好吗?
She didn't know then whom to ask for help．
=She didn't know then whom she could ask for help．
她当时不知道该向谁请求帮助。
Which oftice to take make no difference．   
=Which office you take makes no difference．
你挑选哪一个办公室都没关系。
What I want to know is how to get there.
=What I want to know is how we can get there.
我想要知道的是如何到达那个地方。
[注]其实我们在表达一个意思时，可有多种方法来表达，在这多种表达方法中
  我们可选用一种较通俗的、简洁的、最有把握的。如“目前最重要的事是如
  何在这么短的时间内筹集这么多资金”一句英语可说成：
  What is the most important now is how to gather so much money in such a short time.
=Whatis the most important now is how we can gather so much money in such a short time．
=How to gather so much money in such a short is what is the most important now.
=It's the most important now how to gather...
=It's the most important now how we can gather...
(2)I study by working with friends/a group
我通过和朋友协作／参加学习小组来复习功课。
介词by之后的宾语，除了用名词以外，还可以用动词-ing形式,即动名词形式。
by后面跟动名词或动名词短语，意思是“通过／靠／用（做……），表示方式或途径。
介词by+动词-ing短语”在句子中的作用常见的有如下几种：
a 表示做事的方法。如：
She made smoothie by cutting up fruits and grinding them.
她切碎水果并将其粉碎来制作功能饮料o
They moved the machine by pushing on the wood．
他们借助在木头上推动的方式移动机器o
We learn a foreign language by using it．
我们通过运用来学习外语。

 

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