英语短文改错特点分析(1)
一、选材特点
短文通常为大约100词左右叙述文，分成10行左右，其中一般只有一行全部正确，其他九行都有错误之处。错误设置基本为考生在书面表达时常见的错误（例如名词复数、动词时态，冠词、介词等），具有一定的典型性。短文的题材大都贴近中学生的生活和学习，难度符合学生的水平，语言明白易懂，基本不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁杂的语言结构。
二、试题特点
试题设置的考点角度灵活、覆盖面广、综合性强。要求考生主要从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个方面判断正误，如以下常见的考查点：
1、对词法、句法的考查
统计表明，考点所涵盖的语法项目主要集中在动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、代词及固定结构等方面。但是，动词作为语法项目的主干知识是考查的重点。
动词时态
①(全国卷07Ⅱ)
I meant to write...and tell you all the things I’m doing at school, but the bell was ringing, so I just have to stop here.【was→is】
②(全国卷06Ⅱ)
We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.【have→had】
③(全国卷06Ⅱ)
High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon.【discover→discovered】
④(全国卷05Ⅰ)
One of them was that they can earn money. 【was→is】
⑤(全国卷05Ⅱ)
I will write again and send you the photos we take together.【take→took】
⑥(全国卷04Ⅰ)
Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become...at once.【talked→talk】
⑦(全国卷03)
She liked it very much and reads it to the class.【reads→read】
动词时态考查特点：
(1)根据时间状语判断动词时态正误，如：第②句；
(2)根据全文主体时态判断动词时态正误，如：第①、③、④、⑤、⑥句；
(3)根据上下文的逻辑关系动词时态正误，如：第⑨句；
(4)根据句中并列关系，有连词“and,but”等或标点符号“；”作为提示，如：第⑦句。
非谓语动词
①(全国卷06Ⅱ)
The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.【keeps→keeping】
②(全国卷06Ⅱ)
The crowd waiting...to greet them in England was very surprised see this the balloon landed in front of them.【see前加to】
③(全国卷04Ⅲ)
It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books.【have→having】
④(全国卷04Ⅱ)
I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.【giving→given】
⑤(全国卷03)
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express...in simple English.【talk→talking】
⑥(全国卷01)
My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they canmake sure that I get a good education【make前加 to】
非谓语考查特点：
(1)判断是“谓语”还是“非谓语”，如第①句，谓语动词是was escaping，故keep动词用非谓语动词形式作定语；
(2)判断是“主动”还是“被动”，如第④句，some records与动词give的关系是被动关系，所以用give的过去分词形式作后置定语；
(3)判断是“动宾”还是“介宾”，如第③句，介词without的宾语应该用动名词的形式；第⑤句enjoy的宾语应该用动名词形式表示；
(4)判断不定式带“to”还是不带“to”；如第②、⑥句，see作后置定语应该有不定式符号to；第⑥句不定式作目的状语，应该有不定式符号to。
情态动词
①(全国卷05 Ⅰ)
Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.【去掉to；情态动词后加动词原形】
②(全国卷03)
...followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.【去掉should；依上下文语意而定】
主谓一致
①(全国卷05Ⅰ)
Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as if they please.【allow→allows】
②(全国卷04Ⅲ)
But not all information are good to society.【are→is】
③(全国卷04Ⅱ)
If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money.【are→is】
主谓一致考查特点为，能明确主语是单数还是复数，从而正确判断出谓语动词是否使用单数还是复数形式。如：第①句的主语Earning their own money为动名词，所以谓语动词应该用单数；第②句的主语information为不可数名词，谓语动词应该用单数；第③句主语need为单数，谓语动词用单数。
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